Underground peat fires are surging in Indonesia early in the 2026 fire season, fueled by a strengthening El Niño and severe drought. These smoldering fires release more pollutants than typical forest fires, causing significant air quality degradation.

Peatlands in Indonesia have been drying out due to prolonged drought conditions, making them highly susceptible to underground fires that can burn for months undetected. The smoke from these fires is particularly hazardous as it contains fine particles and several harmful pollutants.

The ecological damage extends beyond the immediate fire zones, affecting air quality across wide regions. This situation highlights Indonesia's vulnerability to climate-induced droughts and underscores the need for better land management practices.